Evidence Rule
Hearsay
Placeholder for the full hearsay article. Add your test for statements, truth of
the matter, and admissions.
- Drop in a short “is it a statement / out of court / offered for truth” checklist.
- Keep a quick response for sustained/overruled scenarios.
Not Hearsay / Effect on Listener
Anchor for statements offered for effect on listener, verbal acts, party-opponent admissions, and
other 801(d) buckets.
Hearsay Exceptions
Anchor for 803/804/807 exception outlines (present sense impression, excited utterance, business
records, etc.).
Evidence Rule
Relevance & Rule 403
Placeholder for the relevance article covering materiality, tendency to prove, and
prejudice vs. probative balancing.
More Prejudicial Than Probative
Anchor for 403 analysis and examples of unfair prejudice, confusion, and waste of time.
Evidence Rule
Character Evidence
Placeholder for Rule 404 coverage. Outline when propensity is barred and when
specific-purpose character proof is allowed.
Propensity / 404(a)
Anchor for traits offered to show action in conformity or to attack/bolster truthfulness.
MIIPPKIAM / 404(b)
Anchor for motive, intent, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of mistake, or lack of accident.
Form
Leading Question
Placeholder for when a question suggests its own answer on direct or redirect.
Form
Narrative
Placeholder for narrative answers and how to keep testimony to the call of the
question.
Form
Compound Question
Placeholder for questions that bundle multiple facts or calls for multiple
answers.
Form
Asked & Answered
Placeholder for repeated questioning after a witness already responded.
Foundation
Assumes Facts Not in Evidence
Placeholder for questions that presuppose facts not yet established.
Form
Vague or Ambiguous
Placeholder for unclear questions that risk confusing the witness or jury.
Foundation
Lack of Foundation
Placeholder for laying predicate facts (who/what/where/how) before conclusions.
Rule 701
Improper Lay Opinion
Placeholder for opinions not rationally based on perception or unhelpful to the
factfinder.
Rule 702/703
Improper Expert Opinion
Placeholder for qualification, reliability, and basis (703) checks.
Rule 703 Basis
Anchor for using data reasonably relied upon by experts even if otherwise inadmissible.
Rule 602
Lack of Personal Knowledge
Placeholder for testimony without direct perception or established familiarity.
Form
Speculation
Placeholder for testimony that guesses at motives, causes, or future events.
Credibility
Improper Bolstering
Placeholder for vouching and prior consistent statements offered before credibility
is attacked.